Cost of Sales (sometimes called Cost of Goods Sold) is one of those metrics you’ll hear a lot when reviewing your operating costs and the overall profitability of your business model.

But what does ‘Cost of Sales’ mean? And how does understanding this key metric help you get a handle on the financial efficiency of your operations.

What is ‘Cost of Sales’?

The Cost of Sales (CoS) metric measures the direct costs involved in producing or acquiring the goods or services that your business sells over a given period.

Think of it as the money that disappears out of the door with each sale.

For a product-based business, it’s the cost of the raw materials, the labour directly involved in making the product, or the wholesale price of items bought for resale.

For a service-driven business, it’s the direct labor or subcontractor costs for delivering that service. It’s crucial for understanding your true profitability on each item or service sold.

How can CoS impact your business?

Knowing how much it costs you to produce one unit or sell one service can be an incredibly revealing metric. Spend too much on operational costs and your margins will be too small. Spend too little and the quality of your product or service may suffer.

Let’s look at the impact of your CoS number, and what it can tell you about the financial efficiency of your small business.

1. Profitability:

A high CoS directly reduces your Gross Profit Margin, impacting the money available to cover your operating expenses and ultimately shrinking your net profit. Managing CoS is vital for creating sustainable earnings from your business model.

2. Pricing strategy:

Understanding CoS is crucial for setting competitive prices while remaining profitable. If your CoS is too high, you might underprice, leading to losses. If you overprice, you run the risk of losing price-sensitive customers. Your CoS is vital for guiding your minimum selling points.

3. Inventory management:

For product-based businesses, your CoS number is directly linked to your inventory valuation and management. When you reduce waste or obsolescence through efficient, proactive inventory management this directly lowers your CoS and improves cashflow.

4. Operational efficiency:

Analyzing your CoS helps you identify any potential inefficiencies in your production or service delivery. This could include areas like excessive material waste or unproductive labor. Streamlining these processes directly reduces your CoS and boosts operational performance.

5. Financial health:

When you manage your CoS well, you can build real strength into your financial health. Good cost control gives you solid financial foundations on which to grow the business. And by improving areas like operational efficiency and your gross profit margin, you also make your business more attractive to lenders and investors – opening up better access to funding.

Talk to us about reviewing your Cost of Sales

Want to give your financial health a welcome boost? Getting in control of your CoS and your operational efficiency is an important way to do this.

Book some time with our team to review your numbers and get your CoS under control.

The following content was originally published by BOMA. We have updated some of this article for our readers.

A solopreneur running a complete and viable one-person business is no longer a pipedream.

Sam Altman, the co-founder of Open AI, was recently quoted as saying that a one-person, billion-dollar business could be possible by 2026-2028, using tools like GPT-5 and the other generative AI tools that allow individuals to create and manage AI agents.

The idea that one person, a solo CEO and entrepreneur, could generate that kind of capital on their own, would have seemed crazy less than a decade ago. But with the power of AI and the accessibility of flexible coding tools and AI agents, it’s a real possibility.

Let’s look at how a one-person business could work, and how the basic business model differs from the traditional tech start-up model that we’ve known for so many decades.

How the old startup business model worked

Technology and software-based business models have been with us since the 1970s. Software has brought us into the digital age and given us a host of new tools to play with. And delivering a software-based business model has had a standardized model.

You will:

1. Have your initial idea for a software product
2. Write a business plan
3. Look for funding (whether private or public)
4. Hire a small team and start the business
5. Develop and launch the product
6. Find and convert your customer audience
7. Refine the product and scale the business
8. Generate revenues and make a profit (if you’re lucky!)

This is the old model. It works, but it’s slow to scale, needs multiple people and requires significant funding to make it work.

How a one-person business model works

There are multiple differences between the old start-up model and a one-person, solopreneur business model. The one-person model is predicated on the foundations of artificial intelligence (AI) and its ability to remove the staffing needs and automate your processes.

Typically, with a one-person model you would:

1. Start with finding an audience – likely using a social platform to connect with potential customers
2. Discover the needs of this audience and develop your business idea
3. Create a basic coded version of your product/service idea using AI (vibe coding)
4. Launch the product and refine it based on audience feedback
5. Build a tangible community around your product
6. Build AI agents that can be tasked with automating every aspect of service delivery
7. Scale the business quickly and increase your audience exponentially
8. Generate fast-growing revenues and hit your aspirational profit targets

The new model is less reliant on people and faster to grow. It can be controlled, in theory, by one solopreneur with the skills to utilize AI, create basic coding and find the right business idea.

What’s the true opportunity of the one-person business?

The true opportunity of the one-person business is to be able to found, operate and scale your business idea without any of the traditional foundations of a tech start-up.

• • You don’t need a huge team – in fact you might be able to run the entire enterprise yourself
  • Your delivery is entirely digital – so there’s no need for physical production processes
  • Your overheads are negligible, increasing your profit margins and revenues
  • AI agents can scale easily as the customer demand grows
  • Automation and AI removes the need for you to work ‘in the business’
  • As the solopreneur, you guarantee yourself an income and lifestyle.

What are the potential downsides of the one-person business?

The idea of being able to generate thousands, millions or even billions of dollars from a business where you’re the only human employee might seem like utopia to some.

But as with any utopian dream, there are potential issues and downsides to the solopreneur dream of creating a one-person, billion-dollar business.

Here are some possible outcomes to consider:

• • You could over-automate and lose connection with your customers
  • Your tech may break, failing to operate and scale as intended
  • Your AI agents may produce garbage outcomes and ‘AI slop’
  • You may feel the pressure of running the business solo, with no other founders
  • You may miss the social aspect of being part of a human team

Sam Altman’s dream of a one-person, billion-dollar business may become a reality over the coming years. With the speed of AI development, it’s more than possible.

The following content was originally published by BOMA. We have updated some of this article for our readers.

Knowing your customers inside out is one of the major keys to making your business a success. But how much research have you done into the persona of your ideal customer?

Having an Ideal Customer Profile is foundational to your sales and marketing strategies. But many small and micro businesses don’t have a drilled down customer profile.

Let’s explore what an Ideal Customer Profile is and how it refocuses your strategy.

What’s an Ideal Customer Profile?

Your Ideal Customer Profile (ICP) defines the type of company or customer that’s most likely to buy and benefit from your small business’s products or services.

The ICP outlines key characteristics, needs and pain points, helping you to guide your sales and marketing efforts to target and acquire the most valuable clients.

How to use your ICP to drive your sales and marketing efforts

By defining a clear and detailed ICP, you provide the foundations for targets and effective sales and marketing activity.

With this ICP in place, you can focus your marketing spend on channels used by your ideal customer, tailor messaging to address their specific pain points, and refine your sales pitches to highlight the most relevant and engagement benefits.

This targeted approach increases your conversion rates, reduces the wasted effort of poor targeting and, ultimately, boosts the efficiency of your sales function.

5 elements to include in your ICP

To create a useful ICP, it’s important to do your homework and to drill down as deeply as possible into the details of your customers, their needs and their demographics.

To create an effective ICP, here are five elements to include in your profile:

1. Demographics and firmographics:

Define the basic traits of your perfect customer. For business-to-consumer (B2C) companies, this will be things like age, location, income bracket. For business-to-business (B2B) companies, you’ll focus on the client’s industry, size and revenue etc.. This foundational data helps segment your market and target customers more precisely and efficiently.

2. Pain points and challenges:

List the specific pan points your ideal customer faces, and that your product or service solves. By understanding these customer issues and needs, you can deepen your messaging and offer the most direct, empathetic solution to the customer’s problem.

3. Goals and aspirations:

Find out what your ideal customer wants to achieve, both personally and professionally. Knowing their objectives helps you align your solution to these specific goals, helping you to add real value for the customer as a trusted and understanding vendor.

4. Buying triggers and process:

Delve deeply into what prompts your customer to look for a solution and their typical purchasing journey. This helps you time your marketing efforts effectively and tailor sales strategies to the customer’s preferred decision-making path.

5. Preferred communication and social channels:

Pinpoint the marketing channels where your ideal customer finds information about a potential purchase. Also find out where they engage with your business (and others) through social media.

These insights help to guide your marketing to the most effective platforms, giving you the best possible chance of engaging the target, converting them and, potentially, turning them into both a follower and a customer.

Having a thorough and detailed ICP is foundational to your sales and marketing. It gives your sales activity a specific focus and allows you to understand which marketing channels are most likely to deliver the results you’re looking for.

The following content was originally published by BOMA. We have updated some of this article for our readers.

Whatever stage you’re at in the business journey, having an injection of additional working capital is always welcome.

Being able to borrow money and take on managed debt in the business is what allows you to fund the next stage in your growth.

But how does your credit profile affect your ability to borrow as a business? And what types of debt financing will help you expand, grow and scale up the company?

Let’s explore the impact of your risk rating and the types of finance that may be available.

Your credit profile is a measurement of your risk as a borrower. It’s how banks and specialist business lenders assess whether you’re a good business to lend to.

Lenders want to know you have the revenue and cashflow needed to repay a loan. This will generally be assessed based on your business credit score and your overall financial health and forecasted business performance.

With a good business credit score, your application for a loan is more likely to be accepted. With a poor credit profile, those doors to potential lending are more likely to be closed.

What is debt financing and how does it help you borrow money?

Debt financing is the process of borrowing money from a lender and paying it back over a pre-agreed timeline through regular repayments.

This is how it will typically work:

• • You apply for a loan, with supporting documents showing your financial health
  • The lender analyses your risk profile
  • If you’re successful, the lender lends you the money
  • You take on this debt in the business
  • You use the capital to invest in growth
  • You gradually reduce the debt by repaying the loan

Are there risks associated with taking on debt?

There are obviously risks associated with taking on any kind of business loan.

Too much debt can be a financial burden. But well-managed debt can be the key to financing the expansion of the business, whether it’s hiring more staff, or investing in new equipment. What types of loans and financing are available?

There are a multitude of different loans, financing options, lines of credit and government grants available to you. Knowing what’s right for your business, and specific funding needs, is down to understanding how each type of financing works

Here’s a breakdown of the common ways of borrowing:

1. Unsecured loans:

Unsecured loans allow you to borrow funds without offering any collateral – collateral being assets you offer to guarantee the loan. Because there’s no collateral guarantee, unsecured loans will generally be for smaller amounts, with higher interest rates.

Unsecured loans are typically used for flexible purposes like working capital or marketing campaigns, leveraging the business’s creditworthiness and cashflow for growth.

2. Secured loans:

Secured loans require collateral, like business assets or property, as a guarantee. Due to the lower risk for the lender, you’ll generally be able to access larger sums of money and lower interest rates with a secured loan.

Secured finance is usually used to fund significant investments, such as buying expensive machinery or expanding your operations by creating new branches.

3. Asset finance:

Asset finance helps you acquire specific high-value assets, like vehicles, machinery, or technology, without a large upfront payment.

There are various types, including:

• • Hire purchase, where you have use of the asset and gradually repay the cost to the lender over an agreed amount of time, with an option to own the asset at the end of the term.
  • Finance lease, where the lender buys the asset and leases it to you for a fixed term. You’re responsible for maintenance and insurance, but you can buy the asset at the end of the term.
  • Operating lease, where you rent the asset from the lender, but without the intention of owning it. The lender retains all the risks and rewards of ownership, including the residual value.

Using asset finance helps to preserve your cash flow while giving you the essential tools that you need to grow and expand the business.

4. Commercial property loans and bridging loans:

Commercial property loans are long-term mortgages that you can use to buy commercial premises. Bridging loans are short-term loans that are usually used to ‘bridge’ the gap when waiting for other finance to be secured.

Both types of loan are secured by property, allowing you to finance your expansion, purchase new land or manage cashflow between property transactions.

5. Lines of credit:

Lines of credit provide a flexible revolving fund up to a set limit, often used for daily cashflow needs. Credit will usually need to be repaid monthly, depending on the terms of the agreement.

Types of business credit include trade credit, where your suppliers extend an agreed amount of credit, and business credit cards, which are ideal for managing working capital and extending cashflow during the expansion of the business.

6. Government grants and tax incentives:

Not all means of financing involve debt financing. In some situations, there are government grants and tax incentives that can be used to fund your company’s growth.

Government grants allow you to make use of money from the government, without having to pay back the funds. Tax incentives are usually used for specific purposes like research and development (R&D), creating jobs or entering new markets. They’re a great way to cut your corporation bill and fund new growth without incurring debt.

The following content was originally published by BOMA. We have updated some of this article for our readers.

Did you know you still have to pay tax on uncollected debtors? This is because you pay tax on your sales figures irrespective of whether you have collected the cash.

To avoid paying tax on uncollected debt, here are some quick and easy-to-implement debt collection strategies to ensure your hard-earned money is sitting in your bank account (and not in theirs):

• • Agree on your payment terms at the time of sale
  • Get the Terms of Trade signed off in writing before you start the job
  • Include a guarantee in the payment terms
  • Ask for a deposit
  • Invoice as quickly as you can
  • Change your payment terms to 7 days or ‘on delivery’
  • Send statements with only two columns – current and OVERDUE
  • Schedule overdue reminders and follow up the day after the due date
  • Put someone other than the business owner in charge of collection – owners are usually too soft!
  • Document what your customers have promised in terms of payment and hold them to it
  • Use a debt collector sooner rather than later – the longer you leave it, the harder the debt will be to collect
  • Stop credit for customers who are late on payment

Take action! Reflect on how many of these ideas you’ve integrated into your business and check how many you’re actively applying. Don’t let procrastination hold you back — address your debtors today!

The following content was originally published by BOMA. We have updated some of this article for our readers.

Making time to look over your financial reports each month is an important task for any business owner.

If you are not taking time to do this, either because you’re too busy, or perhaps you don’t really understand what you’re looking at and it doesn’t make sense to you, then here are 6 reasons we recommend you should start to.

But before we get our 6 reasons, let’s talk very quickly about which reports to look at. At a bare minimum, and depending on the complexity of your business, you should be looking at the following:

• • The Statement of Financial Performance – also known as the Profit and Loss report (P&L) or the Income Statement – tells you, as the name suggests, how your business is performing over a period, such as a month or a financial year. In broad terms it shows the revenue that your business has generated, less the expenses for that same period. In other words, it shows how profitable your business is.
  • The Statement of Financial Position – also known as the Balance Sheet shows the value of the business’s Assets, Liabilities and Equity.
    • • Assets include things like money in bank accounts, Plant and Equipment, Accounts Receivable balances
      • Liabilities include things like Bank loans and credit cards, Accounts Payable, and Hire Purchase balances
      • Equity is the difference between your Assets and your Liabilities and includes Retained Earnings and Owner Funds Introduced
  • Accounts Receivable Ageing report (Aged Receivables) – this shows how much money is still owed to the business as at a certain date in time and is usually segmented as to how overdue they are, or sometimes by how far past the invoice date they are. Generally, you will have Current, 30-, 60- and 90-days columns.
  • Accounts Payable Ageing Report (Aged Payables) – this report shows who the business owes money to as at a certain date in time and, like the Accounts Receivable Ageing report, is usually segmented by overdue period.

So why bother?

1. Understand your business better – by looking at your Profit and Loss report monthly you will get a good picture of how your business is performing month by month and it gives you a better understanding of what makes up your profit. It can be helpful to compare periods, or to look at a month-by-month P&L, so you can clearly see on one page the revenue and expenses month by month. This also helps identify trends in your data and many also help to highlight anomalies in coding/categorizing or unusual expenses or earnings.
2. Accurate information for lending purposes – If you are applying for a loan or an overdraft, the bank or financial institution will look closely at both your Profit and Loss report and the Balance Sheet as a lot can be learned about a business by looking at these reports together. If you are unsure what some of your balances are in your accounts, get in touch and we can explain them further.
3. Get paid quicker and reduce bad debts – by looking at your Accounts Receivable Aged Summary each month you can follow up with overdue accounts promptly which often results in getting paid quicker. The longer an overdue amount is left unpaid the higher the risk of it not being paid at all, so it is important to keep on top of this.
4. Better relationships with your suppliers – Assuming you are entering your supplier bills into your accounting software (recommended for most businesses to get an accurate profitability figure) your Aged Payables report will alert you to any unpaid or overdue amounts. Supplier relationships are an important aspect of your business and paying on time is crucial to maintaining those relationships.
5. Better cashflow – having an accurate understanding of how much money the business is owed, and how much money the business owes, can help with cashflow planning to ensure that there is enough money when needed. Additionally, understanding the trends of your business, its profitability drivers, its expenses, etc., can help to plan sales and marketing campaigns so that the revenue keeps coming in.
6. Better business decision making – Your financial reports tell the story of your business and it’s important that you understand the story that they are telling you. The better you understand what’s going on in your business the stronger position you will be in to make better business decisions that affect the profitability of your business and its financial viability.

If you would like to know which reports are relevant to your business, and you want to better understand what’s going on in your business, then get in touch so we can make a time to go through them with you.

Your business success is important to us and we are here to help you.

The following content was originally published by BOMA. We have updated some of this article for our readers.